Membaca dialog Yesus dan Nikodemus melalui lensa persahabatan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30995/kur.v10i2.950Keywords:
church mission; dialogue; divine friendship; Gospel of John; Jesus-Nicodemus dialogue; Jürgen Moltmann mission of friendship; theology of friendship; dialog Yesus-Nikodemus; Injil Yohanes; misi gerejawi; misi persahabatan; persahabatan ilahi; teologi persahabatanAbstract
This study examines the dialogue between Jesus and Nicodemus in John 3:1-21 through the theological lens of friendship, offering a fresh perspective on this pivotal Gospel narrative. Using narrative hermeneutics in conjunction with biblical theological analysis, this research demonstrates that friendship functions not merely as an anthropological category but as a fundamental theological concept for understanding mission, soteriology, and ecclesiology. The analysis reveals that Jesus' approach to Nicodemus embodies characteristics of authentic friendship: recognition, intellectual engagement, mutual respect, and transformative commitment. Drawing on contemporary friendship theology, particularly Jürgen Moltmann's "open friendship" concept, this study shows how the dialogue presents a relational model for spiritual transformation that challenges traditional individualistic soteriological frameworks. The findings suggest that friendship-based approaches to mission and pastoral care are more effective in pluralistic contexts, offering practical implications for contemporary evangelism, discipleship, and interfaith engagement. This research contributes to Johannine scholarship by highlighting previously under-explored relational dimensions of the Fourth Gospel's theology.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji dialog antara Yesus dan Nikodemus dalam Yohanes 3:1-21 melalui lensa teologis persahabatan, menawarkan perspektif baru terhadap narasi Injil yang sangat penting ini. Menggunakan hermeneutika naratif yang dikombinasikan dengan analisis teologi biblikal, penelitian ini mendemonstrasikan bahwa persahabatan berfungsi bukan hanya sebagai kategori antropologis tetapi sebagai konsep teologis fundamental untuk memahami misi, soteriologi, dan eklesiologi. Analisis mengungkapkan bahwa pendekatan Yesus kepada Nikodemus mewujudkan karakteristik persahabatan yang autentik: pengakuan, keterlibatan intelektual, rasa hormat mutual, dan komitmen transformatif. Berdasarkan teologi persahabatan kontemporer, khususnya konsep "persahabatan terbuka" Jürgen Moltmann, studi ini menunjukkan bagaimana dialog tersebut menyajikan model relasional untuk transformasi spiritual yang menantang kerangka soteriologis individualistik tradisional. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan berbasis persahabatan dalam misi dan pelayanan pastoral lebih efektif dalam konteks pluralistik, memberikan implikasi praktis untuk evangelisme, pemuridan, dan keterlibatan antaragama kontemporer.
References
Adiprasetya, Joas. "Revisiting Jürgen Moltmann's theology of open friendship." International Journal for the Study of the Christian Church 21, no. 2 (2021): 177-187.
Aristoteles. Nicomachean Ethics. VIII.5 and IX.3.
Barnes, Jonathan. Aristotle: The Complete Works of Aristotle. Vol. 2. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984.
"Biblical and Theological Foundations for Human Friendship." ResearchGate, September 2023. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/376714136_Biblical_and_Theological_Foundations_for_Human_Friendship.
Carson, D. A. The Gospel according to John. Leicester: Apollos, 1991.
Clark, Gordon R. The Word Hesed in the Hebrew Bible. Sheffield: Sheffield Academic Press, 1993.
Coleman, Robert E. The Master Plan of Evangelism. Grand Rapids: Revell, 2010.
Culy, Martin M. Echoes of Friendship in the Gospel of John. Sheffield: Sheffield Phoenix Press, 2010.
Ellas, John. "Book Review: Natural Church Development by Christian Schwarz." Journal of the American Society for Church Growth 10, no. 2 (1999): 83-92.
Frei, Hans W. The Eclipse of Biblical Narrative: A Study in Eighteenth and Nineteenth Century Hermeneutics. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1974.
Hauerwas, Stanley, and L. Gregory Jones, eds. Why Narrative? Readings in Narrative Theology. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1989.
Kakauhe, Phanny Tandi, Fransiskus Irwan Widjaja, and Harls R. Evan Siahaan. "Misi dalam Dialog Iman pada Ruang Virtual: Refleksi Yohanes 3: 1-21." THRONOS: Jurnal Teologi Kristen 2, no. 1 (2024): 40-48.
Keener, Craig S. The Gospel of John: A Commentary. 2 vols. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2003.
McLaren, Brian D. A Generous Orthodoxy. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2004.
Moltmann, Jürgen. The Open Church: Invitation to a Messianic Lifestyle. London: SCM Press, 1982.
———. The Spirit of Life: A Universal Affirmation. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 1992.
Morris, Leon. The Gospel according to John. Rev. ed. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1995.
Noeth, Carike, and Manitza Kotze. "Friendship as a theological model: Bonhoeffer, Moltmann and the Trinity." In die Skriflig 53, no. 1 (2019): 1-7.
Noll, Mark A. The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind. Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1994.
O'Day, Gail R. "Jesus as Friend in the Gospel of John." Interpretation 58, no. 2 (2004): 144-157.
Pippert, Rebecca Manley. Out of the Saltshaker and into the World. Downers Grove: InterVarsity Press, 2015.
Reichenfeld, Giovanni Hermanin De. "Augustine on Embryology and Human Procreation: Theological and Physiological Context." Vigiliae Christianae 1, no. aop (2025): 1-31.
Schwarz, Christian A. Natural Church Development. Carol Stream: ChurchSmart Resources, 2006.
Susanta, Yohanes Krismantyo. "Gereja sebagai persekutuan persahabatan yang terbuka menurut Jürgen Moltmann." Visio Dei: Jurnal Teologi Kristen 2, no. 1 (2020): 105-126.
Volf, Miroslav. Exclusion and Embrace: A Theological Exploration of Identity, Otherness, and Reconciliation. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1996.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.



